Sinharaja Forest Reserve

Sinharaja is what remains of Sri Lanka's primary lowland rainforest, and it is small on the map but disproportionately important: a very high share of the island's endemic trees, birds, amphibians and reptiles occur here, many nowhere else on earth. Birdwatchers come for the mixed-species feeding flocks, one of the most studied phenomena of their kind, where dozens of birds of many species move through the canopy together and everything happens in a rush of three minutes after an hour of silence. Endemics like the Sri Lanka blue magpie, red-faced malkoha and green-billed coucal are the targets. Guides are mandatory, and a good one is the difference between a damp walk and a genuinely remarkable morning.

What you actually see

• Mixed-species feeding flocks - the celebrated multi-species bird waves through the canopy.
• Endemic birds - blue magpie, red-faced malkoha, green-billed coucal and others.
• Primary rainforest structure - buttressed emergents, lianas and epiphytes.
• Night walks - endemic frogs, geckos and the occasional slender loris.

When to go

The drier windows, January to March and August to September, though this is rainforest and rain is always possible. Early morning is when the birds move. Leeches are a constant except in the driest spells.

Honest expectations

Leeches are relentless here and socks are essential; most people are bitten regardless. Trails are muddy and steep, and heavy rain can close them. Wildlife is heard far more than seen, and visitors expecting mammals will be disappointed; this is a birding and botany destination above all. Guide quality varies enormously, so request a bird specialist if that is your interest.

Nearby

Deniyaya and the southern tea country lie south; Ratnapura's gem mines are to the north.