The Oldest Republic and its Traditions

San Marino's greatest distinction is its remarkable history: it is widely regarded as the oldest surviving sovereign state and constitutional republic in the world, having maintained its independence, by tradition since 301 CE, through the rise and fall of empires around it. This proud heritage is kept alive in living ceremony and tradition. Twice a year, on 1 April and 1 October, the republic installs two new captains regent as joint heads of state in a solemn, colourful investiture, and ceremonial uniformed guards add pageantry. The medieval crossbow corps still performs, and festivals recall the little state's long, unbroken and fiercely defended independence.

What you actually see

• The investiture of the captains regent - the twice-yearly ceremony.
• The ceremonial guards - the uniformed guards of the republic.
• The crossbow corps - the medieval crossbow displays.
• The state buildings and museums - the seats and story of the republic.

When to go

The investiture of the new captains regent, on 1 April and 1 October, is the most colourful ceremonial occasion, drawing crowds for the pageantry; medieval festivals and crossbow displays enliven the summer months. The republic's traditions and museums can be experienced year-round, best in the milder April-to-October season.

Honest expectations

San Marino's traditions and ceremonies are genuine and proud, if modest in scale for such a tiny state, so the appeal is the fascinating novelty and continuity of the world's oldest republic and its pageantry rather than grand spectacle, and much can be appreciated simply through the historic buildings and museums. For history lovers and the curious, though, encountering the living traditions and unbroken independence of this remarkable micro-republic is a genuinely intriguing and unique experience.

Nearby

The old town, the Three Towers and the state museums hold the traditions.