Cusco

Cusco was the historic capital of the mighty Inca empire and is now one of the most beautiful cities in South America, a UNESCO gem high in the Andes. Here the Spanish built their colonial churches and mansions directly on the massive, precisely fitted stone foundations of the Incas, a striking fusion of two worlds. Its grand plaza, cobbled lanes and living Andean culture make it the perfect base and gateway to Machu Picchu.

What you actually see

• The Plaza de Armas - the grand square and its colonial cathedral.
• The Inca stonework - the massive fitted walls, like the famous twelve-angled stone.
• Qorikancha - the Inca sun temple beneath a colonial convent.
• San Blas - the artisan quarter of steep cobbled lanes.

When to go

May to September, the dry season, for the clearest weather; it is the base for the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu. Arrive a day or two early to acclimatise to the high altitude before trekking or heading higher.

Honest expectations

At 3,400 metres, the altitude can cause soroche, or altitude sickness, so take it easy on arrival, rest, and acclimatise before any trek; coca tea and slow days help. It is touristy around the plaza, with persistent street sellers. Nights are cold year-round. It is best given a couple of days to acclimatise and explore.

Nearby

The Sacred Valley, Machu Picchu and Rainbow Mountain are all reached from Cusco.