Otrar

Otrar stood where the Arys meets the Syr Darya, one of the largest oasis cities on the northern Silk Road, a walled settlement with a citadel, bathhouses, mosques and a hinterland of irrigated land, and its name is fixed in history by what happened in 1218 and 1219, when a caravan sent by Genghis Khan was seized and its members killed here, an act that precipitated the Mongol invasion of Central Asia and the destruction of the city after a long siege. It was rebuilt and occupied on a reduced scale for centuries afterward before being abandoned. What survives is a large mound of eroded mudbrick with excavated walls, streets and structures exposed in places, and a small museum in the nearby village.

What you actually see

• The city mound - the eroded mudbrick tell rising above the plain.
• Excavated structures - exposed walls, streets and a bathhouse.
• The citadel area - the raised core of the settlement.
• The site museum - the collections at Shauildir village.

When to go

April to May and September to October; summer on the Syr Darya plain is extremely hot with no shade, and winter is cold and windy. Mornings are best. The site works naturally with Arystan-Bab next door.

Honest expectations

Everything is eroded mudbrick and takes imagination and reading. Interpretation on site is minimal and mostly in Kazakh and Russian. There is no shade or water. Conservation work has left some reconstruction that is hard to distinguish from original fabric.

Nearby

Arystan-Bab mausoleum stands beside the site; Turkestan lies east.